Tudor Times is the online repository for all things Tudor and Stewart (1485–1625)

23rd June 1456 was the birthday of Margaret of Denmark. Margaret was married, aged thirteen, to James III, King of Scots. Her father did not have the ready money for her dowry, so the Orkney Islands were pledged as security. The dowry was never paid and the Orkney Islands became part of Scotland. Margaret seems to have fulfilled all of the requirements of a mediaeval queen – she bore sons, had a reputation for piety, and was considered learned and attractive. Her relationship with her husband seems to have been mixed – initially, they lived harmoniously enough, but later, things seem to have soured. James III was a difficult man, and Margaret was placed in the position of mediating between him and his nobles. She was closely involved in the upbringing of her son, James IV. Read more about that here

On 22ndJune 1535, John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, was executed for refusing to swear the oath demanded by the Act of Succession, 1534, which obliquely denied Papal supremacy over the English Church. Fisher, a native of Yorkshire, was highly favoured by Henry VII and Lady Margaret Beaufort, working closely with her in the founding of Christ Church and St John’s, Cambridge colleges (more on that here) . Fisher was appointed by Henry VIII to act as Katharine of Aragon’s advisor during the annulment proceedings, and he carried out his responsibilities with dedication, supporting the validity of the marriage throughout. Fisher, like Thomas More, had remained silent on his reasons for refusing the oath, but evidence was given against him by Sir Richard Rich, and he was sentenced to death by being hanged, drawn and quartered. The sentence was commuted to beheading, and Fisher, who was about 66, died on Tower Hill. During his year of imprisonment, Fisher had been denied the ministrations of a priest. Not long before Fisher’s death, Pope Paul III had named him as a Cardinal.

On 21st June 1553, the sixteen-year old Edward VI’s councillors, ministers and bishops signed the Letters Patent that disinherited his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth and named his first cousin once removed, Lady Jane Grey, as his heir. In February, knowing himself to be mortally ill, the sixteen year old Edward VI had written his ‘devise for the succession’. Initially, he had tried to secure the succession to a male, designating ‘the Lady Frances’ heirs male, followed by ‘the Lady Jane’s heirs male’ and so forth. By June however, he was aware that there was insufficient time for Jane to produce a son following her marriage a couple of weeks before to Northumberland’s son, Guilford.